Network, Web Application and API Pentesting

Testing the security of an internal network, a web application and an API requires different approaches and tools, even though they share the same general methodology. Network pentesting focuses on misconfigurations, exposed services and lateral movement between segments, leveraging internal protocols that are rarely exposed to the internet but become critical once an attacker gains a foothold. Web application pentesting focuses on business logic flaws, code injection and broken access control, categories that have dominated lists such as the OWASP Top 10 for years. APIs, increasingly present in modern architectures, introduce their own risks, such as poorly implemented object-level authorization, where a user can access another user's data simply by changing an identifier in the request, a flaw traditional web application testing often doesn't cover because there's no visual interface that exposes it directly.